Reliability and Validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index
Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire.
Methods Participants (109 patients with dry eye and 30 normal controls) completed the OSDI, the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), the McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire, the Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Status Questionnaire, and an ophthalmic examination including Schirmer tests, tear breakup time, and fluorescein and lissamine green staining.[1]
Limbal Autograft Transplantation for Ocular Surface Disorders
Limbal autograft transplantation is presented in 26 consecutive cases comprising both acute and chronic chemical injury (20 cases), thermal burns (2 cases), contact lens-induced keratopathy (3 cases), and ocular surface failure after multiple surgical procedures (1 case), with follow-up ranging from 2 to 45 months (mean, 18 months). The operative technique usually involved transfer of two free grafts of limbal tissue from the uninjured or less injured donor eye to the severely injured recipient eye, the latter having been prepared by limited conjunctival resection and superficial dissection of fibrovascular pannus without keratectomy. [2]
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia presents as a spectrum from simple dysplasia to carcinoma in situ to invasive squamous cell carcinoma involving the conjunctiva as well as the cornea. It is a distinct clinical entity, although it has been known by a variety of different names thorughout the literature. Most commonly it arises in the limbal region, occurring particularly in elderly males who have lived in geographic areas exposed to high levels of ultraviolet-B radiation. Symptoms range from none to severe pain and visual loss. [3]
Extended Release Niosomal Hydrogel for Ocular Targeting of Piroxicam: In vitro and Ex vivo Evaluation
This study aimed at the investigation of piroxicam-niosomal hydrogel for ocular targeting to prolong and enhance its local analgesic activity. Various formulations were prepared, characterized and evaluated ex vivo for their transocular permeation using excised cow cornea. The prepared niosomes had distinct spherical multi-lamellar shape and mean vesicle size between 1.25±0.81µm and 7.47±0.85µm. Relevant increase in drug EE% was obtained with increase of cholesterol content and surfactant’s hydrophobicity. Drug retention in vesicles was significantly (p<0.05) higher at refrigerated condition than that at the room temperature. Prolonged drug release was achieved with high niosomal cholesterol content and the mechanism of drug release can be described as Fickian diffusion. The niosomal hydrogel showed 3.7 Permeability Improvement Ratio comparing to piroxicam aqueous suspension. The optimized niosomal gel showed prolonged drug release and enhanced piroxicam ocular bioavailability due to the formation of an amorphous drug form within the gel. > [4]
Reference
[1] Schiffman, R.M., Christianson, M.D., Jacobsen, G., Hirsch, J.D. and Reis, B.L., 2000. Reliability and validity of the ocular surface disease index. Archives of ophthalmology, 118(5), pp.615-621.
[2] Keivyon, K.R. and Tseng, S.C., 1989. Limbal autograft transplantation for ocular surface disorders. Ophthalmology, 96(5), pp.709-723.
[3] Lee, G.A. and Hirst, L.W., 1995. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Survey of ophthalmology, 39(6), pp.429-450.
[4] Rasool, B.K.A., Azeez, O.S., Lootah, H.A., Abusharbain, I.M., Abu-Alhaj, H.A. and Nessa, F., 2014. Extended release niosomal hydrogel for ocular targeting of piroxicam: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, pp.2494-2510.
