The Heat Balance of the Earth’s Surface

The article discusses the current state of data of the fundamental parts of the warmth balance of the Earth’s surface (radiation balance, loss of warmth to evaporation, turbulent heat exchange) and therefore the distribution of those parts in time and area. Soviet analysis worries with applying heat-balance information to the study of physical-geographical processes (hydrologic regime, plant and soil cover), to the study of integrated geographic issues (geographic zonality) and sensible issues (weather and hydrologic foretelling, the utilization of alternative energy for productive functions, and therefore the use of heat-balance information for designing reclamation comes and different nature-transforming measures.) [1]

From Dimming to Brightening: Decadal Changes in Solar Radiation at Earth’s Surface

Variations in radiation incident at Earth’s surface deeply have an effect on the human and terrestrial surroundings. A decline in radiation at land surfaces has become apparent in several experimental records up to 1990, a development referred to as world dimming. new out there surface observations from 1990 to the current, primarily from the hemisphere, show that the dimming didn’t persist into the Nineteen Nineties. Instead, a widespread brightening has been ascertained since the late Eighties. This reversal is harmonizable with changes in cloudiness and part transmission and will well have an effect on surface climate, the hydrological cycle, glaciers, and ecosystems. [2]

A negative feedback mechanism for the long‐term stabilization of Earth’s surface temperature

We suggest that the partial pressure of greenhouse gas within the atmosphere is buffered, over geologic time scales, by a feedback mechanism during which the speed of weathering of salt minerals (followed by deposition of carbonate minerals) depends on surface temperature, and surface temperature, in turn, depends on greenhouse gas partial pressure through the atmospheric phenomenon. though the quantitative details of this mechanism area unit speculative, it seems in a position partly to stabilize surface temperature against the steady increase of star luminousness believed to own occurred since the origin of the system. [3]

Earth’s multi-scale topographic response to global mantle flow

Earth’s surface topography may be a direct physical expression of our planet’s dynamics. Most is isostatic, controlled by thickness and density variations among the crust and layer, however a considerable proportion arises from forces exerted by underlying mantle convection. This dynamic topography directly connects the evolution of surface environments to Earth’s deep interior, however predictions from mantle flow simulations are typically inconsistent with inferences from the earth science record, with very little agreement regarding its spacial pattern, wavelength and amplitude. Here, we tend to demonstrate that previous comparisons between prognosticative models and empirical  constraints are biased by subjective selections. [4]

Deadly Ultraviolet UV-C and UV-B Penetration to Earth’s Surface: Human and Environmental Health Implications

Aims: the damaging portion of actinic ray is wide believed to be utterly absorbed by the atmosphere before reaching Earth’s surface. Our objective is to create multiple measurements at Earth’s surface of the star irradiance spectrum within the vary 200-400 nm.

Methods: we tend to created varied measurements of the star irradiance spectrum within the vary 200-400 nm at Associate in Nursing elevation of fifty six m with International lightweight Technologies ILT950UV Spectral meter mounted on a Meade LXD55 car guider telescope stand and mount assembly. [5]

Reference

[1] Budyko, M.I., 1961. The heat balance of the earth’s surface. Soviet Geography, 2(4), (Web Link)

[2] Wild, M., Gilgen, H., Roesch, A., Ohmura, A., Long, C.N., Dutton, E.G., Forgan, B., Kallis, A., Russak, V. and Tsvetkov, A., 2005. From dimming to brightening: Decadal changes in solar radiation at Earth’s surface. Science, 308(5723), (Web Link)

[3] Walker, J.C., Hays, P.B. and Kasting, J.F., 1981. A negative feedback mechanism for the long‐term stabilization of Earth’s surface temperature. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 86(C10), (Web Link)

[4] Earth’s multi-scale topographic response to global mantle flow
D. R. Davies, A. P. Valentine, S. C. Kramer, N. Rawlinson, M. J. Hoggard, C. M. Eakin & C. R. Wilson
Nature Geoscience volume 12, (Web Link)

[5] Herndon, J. M., D. Hoisington, R. and Whiteside, M. (2018) “Deadly Ultraviolet UV-C and UV-B Penetration to Earth’s Surface: Human and Environmental Health Implications”, Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 14(2), (Web Link)