Tumour necrosis factor and cancer Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a major inflammatory cytokine that was first identified for its ability to induce rapid haemorrhagic necrosis of experimental cancers. When efforts to harness this...

Bone cancer pain BACKGROUNDBone cancer pain is very common, and patients with this type of pain may be difficult to treat. Development of an experimental model for studying this condition is critical to advancing...

Thyroid carcinoma Thyroid carcinomas are fairly uncommon and include disease types that range from indolent localised papillary carcinomas to the fulminant and lethal anaplastic disease. Several attempts to formulate a consensus about treatment of...

Kidney cancer In the USA, the incidence of kidney cancer has increased 43% since 1973. The risk of the disorder is higher in men than in women and increases with age. The von Hippel-Lindau...

Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome Gallbladder cancer, though generally considered rare, is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract, accounting for 80%–95% of biliary tract cancers. An early diagnosis is essential as this...

Worldwide Variations in Colorectal Cancer Previous studies have documented significant international variations in colorectal cancer rates. However, these studies were limited because they were based on old data or examined only incidence or mortality...

Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma We report the clinical, histopathologic, immunohistologic, and prognostic findings in 19 patients with cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, eight males and 11 females (mean age, 66 years; age range, 41-93 years). The tumors presented mainly...

Breast Cancer TreatmentImportance  Breast cancer will be diagnosed in 12% of women in the United States over the course of their lifetimes and more than 250 000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in...

Cancer burden in Africa and opportunities for prevention Cancer is an emerging public health problem in Africa. About 715,000 new cancer cases and 542,000 cancer deaths occurred in 2008 on the continent, with these...

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast. Nine examples of a rare variant of invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the formation of micropapillae within clear spaces separated by a fibrocollagenous or delicate fibrovascular stroma are...